How to grow rhubarb

Rhubarb is an extremely useful crop for the gardener because one good-sized clump will provide food early in the year when little else is cropping.

When to plant

Plant rhubarb in spring, where possible placing new crowns 1m apart with the buds at, or below, the surface.

Where to plant

Plant rhubarb in an open sunny site. Plant in slightly-raised beds if on heavy ground to improve drainage.

Rhubarb is found growing close to water courses in Russia and Asia, above the water line, and it needs fertile soil and an open position. Its name comes from Rha, the ancient name for the River Volga in Russia, so stony soil simply won’t do.

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How to plant

When planting, prepare the soil carefully by digging down deeply, removing as many stones as you can and adding organic matter to the ground. Well-rotted manure or friable garden compost are ideal.

Plant the tip of the crown just below the soil and water well during the first growing season, but don't harvest any stems in the first year.

Caring for rhubarb

Ideally rhubarb prefers damp summer weather and a dry winter. Mulching (with well-rotted compost or straw) will help to achieve both, but do not cover the crowns deeply.

Tidy the rhubarb leaves in autumn so that slugs do not have anywhere to hide.

Cover the crown in exposed gardens during winter.

If a stressed plant should run to seed in late-spring, due to dry and cold conditions, remove the flowering spike straight away. Water, feed and mulch lightly.

When to harvest

Varieties like 'Timperley Early' will provide a crop of sweet red stems by March when grown in the garden. But it’s also possible to force rhubarb into premature growth by using a terracotta pot or upturned dustbin to create dark, warm conditions. This produces soft, champagne-pink stems up to six weeks earlier and they are delicious. 

The technique for harvesting rhubarb is to pull and then twist very gently from the lower stem - never cut rhubarb. Harvesting usually stops at the end of May or early June and this allows the plants to recover.

Don't pull any stems on newly-planted rhubarb until the second year of growth, once stems reach a foot or so.

Try one of these delicious rhubarb desserts

When and how to divide

Divide rhubarb (if needed) between November and March. However, in cold gardens division in early March is safer. 

To divide rhubarb, lift and identify the large dome-like buds and, using a spade, split into chunks containing 4-5 buds. Replant in enriched soil containing garden compost, making sure that the top of the clump is just above the ground. Do not pick any stems in the first year or two and always remove any flowering spikes.

Why force rhubarb?

Forcing rhubarb produces pale-pink blanched stems that are much more tender and sweet. This is done commercially in Yorkshire in special warm, dark forcing sheds where the only sound is the popping of the bud sheaths.

How to force rhubarb

Home gardeners can achieve the same conditions by using rugged terracotta forcers. However, forcing exhausts the plant so once you have forced one crown it must be rested for two or three years and allowed to grow naturally. Some gardeners just discard the crowns they have forced.

If you plant three crowns so that one is recovering from being forced the year before, one is cropping naturally and one is being forced, you will be able to have a supply of forced stems every year. However, the yield from forced rhubarb is roughly half that of a plant grown outside - usually three pounds.

Forcing can look very stylish if you use hand-thrown terracotta forcers, or you could also use old chimney pots covered with wooden tops, upturned galvanised dustbins packed with straw, or anything else that shuts out the light and forces your rhubarb into premature growth.

Rhubarb varieties

There are lots of varieties of rhubarb but the following list of readily available ones includes some old favourites and some newer ones. Bear in mind that the colour of the stems changes due to growing conditions. The north of England has the perfect climate - with cooler summers and harder winters - and this makes for redder stems.

'Timperley Early' (early) AGM

So early it’s probably better not to force it. The slender, long pink-red stems have a tart flavour that makes it an excellent crumble filler. Not a prolific cropper - but a must for all rhubarb lovers. Bred by H. Marshland in 1945 (widely available).

'Grandad's Favourite' (mid-season) AGM

Grown and named by Alan Bloom, who always breakfasted on rhubarb and managed to live to 98, this handsome variety (often exhibited on the show bench) also produces a heavy crop of brightly coloured stems with a full flavour (from R. V. Rogers).

'Fulton's Strawberry Surprise' AGM (mid-season to late)

Voted the best flavoured rhubarb in the RHS Wisley trials of 2003. Vivid red stems on a variety that is not too vigorous (exclusively from Thompson & Morgan).

'Raspberry Red' (mid to late-season)

An old Dutch Variety recently reintroduced with sweet red stems. Heavy cropper, for a sunny, open position (from Pennard Plants).

'Queen Victoria' (mid-season to late)

Colourful, strong red stems, easy and prolific. This heritage variety still holds its own today. Vigorous, makes huge clumps, so perhaps not for smaller gardens. Introduced in 1837 by Joseph Myatt. There is also a 'Prince Albert' (1840). ('Queen Victoria' is widely available. Pennard Plants stock 'Prince Albert').

'Hawke's Champagne' AGM (early to mid)

Delicately thin, long, scarlet stems with a sweet flavour from early Spring. An old variety, but easy to grow and ideal for forcing. Attractive to look at (available from Brandy Carr and Pennard Plants).

'Stockbridge Arrow' (late)

Heavy cropper producing suffused-red stems (that are extremely tender) by May. The best of the newer varieties and grown heavily for forcing in Yorkshire (Marshalls).

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Where to buy

Use a fruit specialist such as R. V Roger (www.rvroger.co.uk ), They send out field grown plants between January and March.

Did you know...?

Rhubarb was not eaten at the dinner table until the 19th century. Susan Campbell, in her excellent A History of Kitchen Gardening, tells us that in the 18th century rhubarb "was a novelty" and likely to be used more for medicine than for culinary purposes. Chinese herbalists were grinding up the dried roots into a powder as early as 2700 BC. Anyone who has ever eaten a large bowl of fresh rhubarb will probably be able to guess the reason why. The Chinese used it as a purgative.

But, by the sixteenth century, large amounts of money was spent importing the powder as rhubarb only grew naturally in China, Siberia and The Himalayas. 'Rha' is actually the ancient name of the River Volga in Russia and gives the plant its generic name.

The government were concerned about the amount of money leaving British shores and, in 1763, The London Society for the Encouragement of the Arts, Manufactures and Commerce offered a Gold Medal to the person who could raise the most plants. The medal was given to Sir William Fordyce, who raised 300 plants.

By 1815, rhubarb tart had become a popular dessert on the menu. When the Sugar Tax was repealed in 1874, rhubarb gained even more in popularity. One wonders whether the practice of putting a Sweet Cicely leaf (Myrrhis odorata) was an 18th-century practice. It certainly cuts down on the amount of sugar needed and every gardener growing rhubarb should also grow the umbellifer Sweet Cicely as well.

Forced rhubarb, grown in West Yorkshire, took off with the development of the railway system which meant that the London markets could sell a crop that had been harvested within hours.

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